Thus the drum-type cavity opens

Thus the drum-type cavity opens and becomes accessible to survey, as well as acoustical ossicles - , an anvil and (fig. 23 and 24). Opening of an internal ear, osteal labyrinth with its semicircular channels and a cochlea, together with 9 Internal acoustical passage make too a gouge from a skull cavity, but more slowly, than for middle ear opening. Mastoid opening (its cells) make outside. For this purpose also it is convenient to use Rice 24. A kind of the opened adnexal cavities. Cut on Medvedev's method, baring a mastoid and chopping off from it a gouge a superficial osteal plate. Thus open medrol dospak process cells, investigate their and their contents. For full and for microscopical research a hearing aid allocate all temporal bone. Thus, having spent a cut (Medvedev) and all soft tissues together with an auricle from a temporal bone, do cross-section the skull bases vpere - 70 Di pyramids - from scales of a temporal bone to a Turkish saddle. The second spend behind a mastoid, referring it forward to a clivus of the basic bone (clivus Fig. 25, middle ear Opening on Merkulov's method. Blumenbachii). Then dissect a gouge the basic bone between on a median line and separate the bottom surface of a temporal bone from soft tissues. If necessary to take both hearing aids do not lead up to a median line, and finish at the extremities of pyramids here again dissect a gouge, 71 Keeping the basic bone. If it not to make, o the skull breaks up to two half, and the head will be disfigured. Defects of bones can be closed liver or lien pieces that on a skin they were not found out. The cut part clip in a vice and saw a fret saw in a direction from back Edge of external acoustical passage to a first line of internal acoustical passage - Thus a tympanic membrane remains whole, external acoustical passage, a vestibule, a back wall of a drum-type cavity, a stirrup etc. is bared., the cochlea is cut in the middle, and by mastoid cells - in a forward part. G.A.Merkulov (1951)
recommends some different way of opening of internal departments of the ear, consisting in in one step all forward wall and an osteal plate of a forward surface at level internal acoustical apertures. For this purpose after putting off of a firm cerebral cover, it is added put immediately at the edge of an internal acoustical aperture, at level of its average line and approximately in parallel to a forward surface or a little under an angle to it (fig. 25)> At such position of a gouge an osteal plate of a forward surface chop off almost on all extent one strong blow of a hammer on a gouge.
After putting off of an osteal plate internal acoustical passage and all tympanic membrane are well visible both cavities of an average and internal ear, and a cavity mastoid cells. On fig. 25 gouge position, and at the left the opened middle ear is shown on the right For successful single-step an osteal plate of a forward surface it is necessary to use a wide gouge, not already 1,5 sm, differently an osteal plate will be chopped off not entirely, and partially and operation should be repeated, establishing a gouge on other sites, but all as at level of internal acoustical aperture 1 Opening of a hearing aid has most in detail described In And in the book Technics of opening of some areas of a human body \, 1961 72 ORBIT AND EYE OPENING If the person has not been opened, for extraction of eyeballs an orbit open o the parties of the basis of a skull. After putting off of a firm cerebral cover the top wall of an orbit you-deljaja dissect a gouge in three directions, a plate and a kind of the rectangular triangle which top is necessary on foramen opticum, the medial party goes in a direction, - under an angle 45 ° and facial - in parallel a frontal bone (fig. 23, and, see,). After a section a gouge in the specified directions a plate take out a forceps. Examine buy levitra a fatty tissue of an orbit and delete it together with oculomotor muscles. Now it is possible to take an eye, grasping its forceps for a fatty tissue or for a sclera (not to rumple a nerve) and separating a scalpel from eyelids. After that it is necessary to sew cautiously eyelids ton thread and to fill orbits cotton wool. In order to avoid a disfiguration take roofing felt at a back part of an eye where usually and meet naibo-lee the important pathological processes is more often. For this purpose, fiksi-ruja the eye a forceps for a sclera, sticks in it acute scissors or, having made preliminary a cut a scalpel, cross it on equator an eyeball. Back part of an eye take, and the vitreous follows. Examine an eyeground, a retina, and after putting off by its forceps - and a vascular cover. Instead of a remote back part of an eye vkladyva-jut a lien or liver piece that the pupil was dark. If opening is made on Medvedev's method eyes appear on centuries from which they can be easily separated, the released orbits are examined, and their opening from a skull disappears. That it is better to be guided in in definition of the right and left eye after their extraction, it is necessary before taking eye, to note on a sclera a rod of an argentum nitricum or ink the extremities 73 Eye meridians or on an internal direct muscle to leave ku-sochek threads. If it preliminary is not made, it is necessary to use anatomic features of a back part of an eye - an attachment of tendons of a back bottom slanting muscle in relation to back long to arteries which enter into an eyeball near to an optic nerve and go on a horizontal meridian. The tendon of the bottom slanting muscle is under an external artery. If back long arteries appear through well it is possible to give to an eye its normal position and to define, what is an eye - right or left. Opening of the taken eyes is better for making two horizontal cuts, leaving the most valuable average part whole.