However other cases when the hypernatremia

However other cases when the hypernatremia and a hyperosmolarity met at the patients who are in full consciousness [48] are described also. In such cases function of kidneys remains, consumption of a liquid is enough (1-2 l/sut or more), a polydipsia or alli diet complaints to thirst are absent, the strengthened consumption of a liquid not completely a hyperosmolarity and a hypernatremia, reaction to osmotic stimulus is broken and sometimes insufficiency of a forward share of a pituitary body and adiposity develops. The combination of all these signs, apparently, speaks disturbance of subthalamic regulation of thirst and secretion . There are some indicatings that secretion at this disorder is regulated not by a plasma osmolality, and basically changes of effective volume of circulating blood. It is necessary to notice, that the nervous centres modulating consumption of water, and also production and secretion , settle down in a forward hypothalamus it is close to each other. In experiment destruction a hypothalamus causes the similar syndrome including an adipsia, a dehydration, a hypernatremia and adiposity along with instability of a thermoregulation. It is possible to expect, that the described disturbances at the person are defined by damages of the specified areas. This syndrome observed at a histiocytosis, cranyopharyngiomas, an optic nerve, inflammatory processes of an obscure aetiology, rupture an aneurysm and epiphysis germinomas. Small efficiency of treatment of a hypernatremia by means of consumption of considerable quantities of a liquid specifies in necessity of the specific therapy referred whenever possible on a basic disease. DISTURBANCES The hypothalamus pathology leads to disturbance of many functions of the organism which is not mediated by hormones of a pituitary body.
The thermoregulation, behaviour, a dream and the big number of the processes regulated by independent nervous system, including activity of cardiovascular, respiratory, secretory, hemopoietic and digestive systems concern them acute and chronic nervous regulation of a metabolism. In the present section metabolism and temperature regulation is surveyed basically; other aspects of a problem are beyond problems of section and are analyzed in other works [1]. Acute disturbances a metabolism The hypothalamus represents area of integration of components of the independent nervous system participating in regulation of a carbohydrate and lipide exchange. Corresponding effects are mediated by direct nervous communications with pancreas islets, a liver, a fatty tissue and a gastroenteric tract, and also secretion of catecholamins, hoodia product a cerebral layer of adrenals [3]. Acute changes of this systems are observed in a condition of the stress leading to activation of sympathetic nervous system more often. So, in the conditions of a hypothermia, the general anaesthesia, a trauma, a sepsis and combustions at patients can develop a hyperglycaemia, and-or change of secretion of insulin [49-52]. In most cases these disturbances do not frame appreciable clinical problems, and after an organism from stress the metabolic homeostasis is restored. However at patients with serious combustions or a sepsis when the stress proceeds for a long time, constant and not suppressed , causing intensifying , serves one of etiological factors of sharp rising of a catabolism who can frame threat for a life [49, 53]. In such conditions it is difficult to achieve depression of the raised sympathetic activity though it can be the most important for depression of a catabolism and rising of survival rate of patients. diabetes, observed at the same clinical conditions, can be caused various factors. In the conditions of the raised secretion of a hydrocortisone, a glucagon, catecholamins and , leading to disturbance of secretion and insulin action, the true diabetes can be shown for the first time. However at many persons the expressed hyperglycaemia can be far enough from a true diabetes. A syndrome which udov - to the standard criteria a hyperglycaemia accompanied by a coma or without it, it is possible to observe at serious damages of a skull, a clottage of cerebral vessels, an encephalitis and a heatstroke; it is a clinical equivalent of the phenomenon caused in animals by stimulation of a hypothalamus. Gravity and duration of a hyperglycaemia can be a prognostic sign concerning a survival after damages of a head [54]. Possibility of liquidation of a hyperglycaemia by means of blockade peripheric a-adrenoreceptors that is shown on experimental model, remains insufficiently studied though there are preliminary indicatings on efficiency of such approach [55]. The hypoglycaemia only can be in rare instances carried into the account of a lesion of a hypothalamus